Cultural baggage and Cultural tourism by Dr Jim Butcher, an evaluation Essay Example for Free

Social stuff and Cultural the travel industry by Dr Jim Butcher, an assessment Essay Dr Jim Butcher, the writer of the article above, has explored on its different features of the travel industry, for example, its lecture, advancements, and social, moral, environmental and anthropological angles and furthermore as an instrument for maintainable turn of events. He has a few distributions surprisingly (www. canterbury. air conditioning. uk). The article under audit composed by Dr Butcher shows up as a book section in the Book â€Å"Innovations in Cultural Tourism†(2001) altered by him. Key issues of the article are the positive and expected parts of social the travel industry which a few scrutinizes markdown it as antidevelopment and inclined to cause clashes between the host and the vacationer. The creator is of the view that social the travel industry has its underlying foundations to the man’s desiring for outsider societies and the requirement for help from tedium of innovation and as such it has normally come as a gift to the financially in reverse districts. He has discovered three parts of culture as a capacity, as a past and as a distinction eclipsing the decency of social the travel industry. The principle point of the creator is to dissipate the negative impression made by these angles in the psyches of the pundits. The book section under assessment isn't in layman’s language. Indeed, even a perceptible understudy of the travel industry would think that its hard to recognize social things and social the travel industry or connection between the two terms. Whatever Dr Butcher says about social the travel industry has been in some viewpoint addressed by his friends. That the social the travel industry has grown up and is equipped for profiting the financially more vulnerable countries or spots inside countries and that it advances social trades, combination of culture, that it essentially advances or makes familiarity with host’s culture and that it has been step by step making nations sans limits with just regular obstructions by making a sentiment of unity, have all been additionally talked about by different creators regarding the matter on the off chance that one happens to visit the site of the UNESCO on social the travel industry. (unesco. organization) and numerous others. His one of a kind discoveries are that the ‘over utilitarian culture’, its ‘past’ character and its â€Å" difference† viewpoint dominate the genuine innovative character of social the travel industry. He has gone to considerable lengths to clarify all the three in very nearly four pages out of scarcely six, which is a marker of his genuine worry towards Cultural Tourism. His decision that social the travel industry brings about monetary improvement is in fact obvious. Man is essentially gregarious and along these lines social the travel industry with its advantages is relentless. The social travelers and the hosts are the entertainers and we are the crowd. It implies distinctively to every last one of them. On the off chance that the entertainers are permitted to have their own particular manner, the inescapable outcome will be what the creator Dr Jim finishes up with, that is improvement. There is no uncertainty social the travel industry is developing fragment of the movement advertise â€Å"Mass promoting is offering approach to coordinated showcasing with make a trip being custom fitted to the interests of the individual buyer. A developing number of guests are turning out to be unique intrigue voyagers who rank human expressions, legacy and additionally other social exercises as one of the main five explanations behind travelling†(nasaa-expressions. organization). It has been said that mass the travel industry has had its hindering impacts yet there are advocates for mass the travel industry for its own advantages. Certain unwanted clashes of societies are simply innocuous reactions and are not to be paid attention to for bigger advantages social the travel industry. All in all Dr Jim’s commitment in this part leaves the peruser progressively educated and makes him act capably as a group of people whether as a strategy producer or whoever, so as to safeguard and advance the decency of social the travel industry uniquely not the same as mass the travel industry. REFERENCES Butcher, J. (ed) (2001), Innovations in Cultural Tourism, ATLAS, Tilburg http://www. canterbury. air conditioning. uk/business-sciences/sport-science-the travel industry and-relaxation/staff/dr-jim-butcher. asp got to on July 12, 2006 http://www. nasaa-expressions. organization got to on July 13, 2006 http://entrance. unesco. organization/culture/en/ev. php-got to on July 13, 2006

Business Ethica(BA Business Management ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Ethica(BA Business Management ) - Essay Example It is imperative to regard others and to be open minded of contrasts. Likewise basic to have great habits and keep away from awful language no matter what. Likewise, basic to comprehend others emotions and not to damage or hit others yet chip away at managing issues in a progressively deferential and tranquil way. c) Responsibilities: To be capable, it is essential to be perseverant, and to consistently give in the best for everything. Likewise, having poise and acting naturally taught alongside being responsible for decisions and to think before acting, with a total thought all things considered. d) Fairness: It is critical to work dependent on rules and to impart to other people. Additionally critical to be receptive and ought to have the option to tune in to other people. It is likewise fundamental not to exploit others and to be cautious before accusing anybody. It is basic to likewise take note of that control frameworks should be set up for compelling morals programs. Organizations can utilize two sorts of control frameworks these incorporate, a) Based on consistence, and b) in light of qualities. The consistence based assistance in making an all the more precise conduct and furthermore guarantees that the legitimate perspectives are considered and conformed to. The worth based is progressively bolstered by the mutual qualities and here the organization can concentrate more on the company’s values as opposed to rules and guidelines (Weston, 2010). Along with the control frameworks and the previously mentioned focuses organizations can manufacture very much created morals programs. There have been various contentions for and against the social duties. Initially, thinking about the contentions for social duty, incorporate, making better condition, thinking about the open desires, and the since quite a while ago run benefits, thinking about the moral commitments, and open picture. Social duty additionally permits a harmony among obligation and force and assists keep with increasing with the investors premium and the ownership of the assets. This additionally allows

The Use of Information For Good Essay Writing

The Use of Information For Good Essay WritingMost of the time, when people are asked about what makes an essay good, they will say something like 'the use of information.' But what is really meant by that is that the essay must contain facts, and in order to do that, it must be clearly presented. In other words, you can have the most excellent and interesting thoughts in the world, but if your facts are not there, you cannot really get a clear and logical explanation of those thoughts.The first thing that you need to do when you are writing an essay is to gather as much relevant information as possible. While this may seem a daunting task at first, it actually isn't all that difficult once you know how to go about it. Once you have gathered all of the important information about some topic, make sure that you make a note of it.Once you have a list of things to write about, you then need to turn it into an essay. This may mean writing the first draft, or it may mean a rewrite. If you write the first draft all by yourself, it may take several months before you get it all organized and put together correctly. The worst thing that you can do is start working on your essay while it is still in its initial stages.It can be difficult to know exactly what to do when you are in the middle of writing an essay. This is where the help of a college instructor or someone else who is highly qualified can come in handy. An essay that is well written well will speak for itself.There are basic grammar rules that you must follow when you are writing a formal essay. While these rules can seem very rigid at first, once you have gotten used to them, you will find that they are actually quite easy to learn.Also, when youare writing a formal essay, it is best to stay away from the word play. Instead, try to focus on writing a clear and simple way, as this will give your readers the impression that you are putting more thought into your essay than you really are.One important part of e ssay writing is punctuation. As with most things, punctuation can actually get a person's attention. However, if the punctuation is not written correctly, it can also ruin the flow of your message.Ensure that the punctuation is placed correctly. After all, the punctuation will be used throughout the entire length of the essay. Also, if you are a high school student, ensure that you work with a teacher before attempting to write a student essay.

Translation and Pronunciation of Kanarazu

The Japanese word kanarazu,  pronounced kah-nah-ra-zoo, is translated to mean certainly, without fail, by all means, or certainly. It a word intended to provide emphasis or accentuation. Japanese characters: Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã£ Å¡ 㠁‹ã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£ Å¡ Example of Kanarazu in a Sentence Juuji made ni kanarazu kite kudasai. Japanese characters: Ã¥  Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£  «Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã£ Å¡Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š Translation:  Be sure to come by ten.

Observation Of Child Observation - 1096 Words

For this child observation, I decided to observe my younger brother Jacob. Jacob is 5 years old, but he insisted that I write that he is almost 6. He is also in kindergarten this year and loving every second of being a loud, rowdy boy. I suppose I am at an advantage in this observation since I have seen the numerous developments in Jacob’s life thus far. Jacob is a loud, rambunctious, and wild child. As he is the youngest child, he demands attention from everyone else and when he does not get the attention he gets upset. One of Piaget’s first stage of development is called ‘preoperational stage’. This stage, as defined by Santrock, is â€Å"when children being to represent the world with words, images, and drawings, and symbolic thought goes†¦show more content†¦For his age all of these things are normal, in fact Santrock specifically mentioned races were beloved by 5-year-old children (Santrock, 140). Jacob’s fine motor skills are also de veloping around his age. I was observing him during a craft project that involved painting and stringing beads upon a string. My mother would explain it and he would attempt it. This would also be an example of Vygotsky’s Zone of proximal development. Santrock writes, â€Å"The Zone of proximal development is a term for tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone, but can be mastered with assistance† (Santrock, 147). He could paint the beads, but he had trouble putting them on the string without the assistance of my mother. After he saw her place the beads on the string a couple of times, he attempted it and eventually got it. He kept attempting it because he saw how she did it and reaffirmed that it could be done. He eventually mastered the task with assistance from his mother. He enjoys crafting, cutting, or coloring as well. I gave him a coloring book and he started to color. Now that he is older, he decides that he wants the sun to be yellow or the gr ass to be green. He also can start to color within the lines. As mentioned before, Jacob is the youngest child of the family. He is fighting for attention from his siblings and his parents almost every day. Most of his art projects are displayed around the house, along with his sibling’s art. He does fight for attention from hisShow MoreRelatedObservation Of Child Observation1798 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Subject â€Å"Chris† is a 7 year old middle class Caucasian male. Observation is taking place in the child’s home over the course of two separate afternoons. Chris is a friendly and well spoken child who is small for his age. Chris is the youngest child in his family and both observations take place while his siblings are home. In each case one or both parents are absent. First Hour of Observation The first hour of observation takes place on a Saturday afternoon. Chris is in his living room withRead MoreObservation Of A Child Observation1428 Words   |  6 Pagesline and the children at the face painting station. I focused this observation on one pair of siblings, whom I will refer to as Jane (5 years old) and John (6 years old). Most children were impatiently waiting in line with their parents, including Jane and John. The two children discussed profusely what painting they wanted on their faces as they paced around their mother. It was Jane’s turn to get her face painted. As soon as the child before Jane left the high chair, Jane quickly ran away from herRead MoreObservation Report For Child Observation1557 Words   |  7 PagesEach child sat down individually with the researcher the day after to read out the words they have learnt. They were shown pages of books and asked if they could identify the words from the text. They were also asked to create a sentence using these words. The Memorization and Mixed Method approach showed that 8 out of 16 children (50%) had a full score in reading the sight words â€Å"see, â€Å"give†, â€Å"have†, â€Å"feel† and â€Å"like†. 5 out of 16 children scored more than 2 but less than 5. The remaining 3 outRead MoreObservation Infant Child Observation1809 Words   |  8 PagesOn October 16, 2017, I observed in the infant room from 8:30 a.m. until 11:00 a.m.. The child I observed was a female and just turned eight months old. Indicators given by the child during the observation, show that the child is progressing at a normal developmental pace and even excelling in other areas. Through observing her, I noticed her motor skills were excelling beyond what was expected. She was pulling herself up and standing. I would often notice her attempting to walk after she was standingRead MoreObservation Report On Child Observation1411 Words   |  6 PagesWe observed Joaquin in his home in the living ro om of his home. His mother, younger brother, and younger sister were all there. They interacted with Joaquin during the observation. There were times that the children interacted with Caitlin and me, but for the most part we just observed them interact with each other. Observation Summary I brought a couple activities for Joaquin and his siblings to do while we observed him. I brought a pumpkin, hammer, and golf tees for them to pound them into theRead MoreChild Observation928 Words   |  4 PagesChild Observation I recently observed a child involved in two different types of activities, at different times of the day. The first activity was Teacher-Initiated, and the second Child-Initiated. The purpose of this observation is to compare and contrast the childs development and behavior between the two different contexts. Through observation I found that although both activities were rich in challenge and learning opportunity, the childs behavior is different, but demonstratesRead MoreChild Observation2060 Words   |  9 PagesObservation of Young Childre I conducted my observation of young children assignment at the Learning and Play Preschool and Daycare. Learn and Play is located in Michigan. Their slogan is â€Å"Where We Cherish Your Children.† Their program offers child care with a preschool experience that helps build each child’s self-esteem and prepares them for school. Lean and Play strives to aid in a child’s overall development through nurturing, positive guidance, developmentally appropriate practice and playRead MoreChild Observation2911 Words   |  12 Pagescurriculum very seriously. Not only is it important that we understand the basic guidelines for a lesson plan, we also need to be knowledgeable of the developmental and learning theories as well. These theories will help us to understand the way a child learns mentally and physically. Once we fully understand the concepts of early education we can then take them to the classroom and apply them to our students. Back in the 1900 s a woman by the name of Patty Hill created a curriculum for kindergartenRead MoreChild Observation Paper1083 Words   |  5 PagesChild Observation Paper After observing a nine month old child for this Child Observation paper, the author of this paper has taken copious notes during the session. The purpose of this paper is recognizing the biological, cognitive and psychosocial development of the child. The author of this paper identified the background history of the child, the observation made and the development process of the child. BACKGROUND The child chosen for this child observation paper is a nine month old maleRead MoreChild Observation Paper1294 Words   |  6 PagesChild Observation Paper Jason Betts Pacific Oaks College November 12, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss and review my observation of a 7 year old African American male who is being raised by his grandmother (45 year old Bi-racial female who has 9 children of her own; 7 of the children are still in the house). During my observation of â€Å"Jackson†, I focused on the following domains of child development: * Physical * Cognitive * Social * Emotional I applied Attachment

Most Popular Heavy Metal Band In Australia â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Most Popular Heavy Metal Band In Australia? Answer: Introducation Rocky Pop Pty Ltd is holding a rock concert featuring Metalurgica (most popular heavy metal band in Australia). In order to promote the same, the company puts up advertisement in the national newspapers along with internet whereby the ticket price of $ 150 is communicated and the procedure to claim the ticket is outlined. Further, it is also highlighted that Metalurgica band would be present. Rachael on seeing the advertisement makes the online payment of $ 150 and gets the ticket. The ticket outlines the exclusion clause that there would be no refunds and the company holds no liability if Metalurgica does not turn up due to any reason. It so happens that before the concert, the Metalurgica band members are caught in a drug case and hence could not perform at the concert. The company replaced Metalurgica with another genre band which Rachael did not like and hence demanded refund before the concert. The company cited the exclusion clause and refused to return the money. The chances o f Rachael succeeding in management refund claim needs to be discussed. Relevant Rules Exemption clause may be defined as a contractual term which is incorporated in order to either exempt a particular contractual party (usually the defendant) from liability or limit the quantum of liability when a particular event occurs (Carter, 2012). For an exemption clause to be valid, there are certain pre-conditions that need to be meet which are outlined below. It must be communicated to the other party prior to the enactment of the contract It is imperative for exclusion clause to be enforceable that the party incorporating the same must make all reasonable efforts to communicate the same or to bring in notice of the other party so that consent on the same can be obtained. Failure to do so would lead to the exclusion clause not being applicable (Latimer, 2005). A leading case in this regards is Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686. In this case , the plaintiff Mr. Thornton was parking his car in a commercial parking space which made it clear that the owners are parking the vehicles at their own risk. However, in the process, Mr. Thornton was injured in the process and claimed compensation. But the owner of the space brought the exclusion clause to the notice of the plaintiff which was printed on the ticket issued. This allowed the company to escape any liability in relation to injury to the driver. However, this exclusion clause was not considered enforceable by the court as the ticket was issued was the aut omatic dispenser only after the vehicle had been parked. Hence, when the ticket was issued, the contract was already enacted thus excluding the exclusion clause mentioned on the ticket from being enforceable (Paterson,Robertson and Duke, 2015). A similar verdict was highlighted in Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] 1KB 532 where the plaintiff was informed of the exclusion clause only after the contract was enacted and hence considered non-enforceable. Hence, it is essential that if the exclusion clause is not explicit, it must be brought to the notice of the other party before enacting the contract (Lindgren, 2011). It has to be legal If the exclusion clause aims to adversely impact the interest of the consumers, then the same would not be held enforceable as the objective of exclusion clause is not to provide shield for the misleading and deceptive action by one of the contractual party (Harvey, 2009). In exclusion clauses with regards to protection from negligible conduct, it would be considered valid only if the any reasonable party on the other side would understand that the sole purpose of inserting the clause is to protect the concerned party from negligence conduct. Also, consent needs to be obtained before the contract is enacted (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). Application It is apparent from the given facts that an exclusion clause is present in the accounting case which seeks to protect the company (Rocky Pop Pty Ltd) from any liability in case the star band Metalurgica fails to turn up. In order for this to be valid, it is apparent on the basis of the relevant rule that the same would need to be communicated to the other party explicitly that too before the entering of the contract. However, the essential fact to be noticed is that the exclusion clause was communicated to Rachael only when the physical ticket is received. No mention of this exclusion clause is there in the advertisement that has been put in the newspapers and also the internet. Further, the company does not make any attempt to inform the customer i.e. Rachael about such a condition before enacting the contract. The contract enactment was completed when Rachael completed the payment and the ticket was dispatched the company. Based on the above facts, it is apparent that the exclusion clause was highlighted by the company only after contract completion. Also, it needs to be considered that Rachaels decision to go to the band was prompted only by the presence of Metalurgica band and the alternative band arranged by the company is not liked by Rachael. As a result, based on the verdict in the Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking case and also Olley v Marlborough Court case, the exclusion clause would not be held valid. Conclusion The above discussion of the case clearly reflects the failure on the part of Rocky Pop Pty Ltd to intimate the customer (Rachael) of the existence of an exclusion clause before the enactment of the contract. As a result, it would be struck down by the court and the company would have to refund the $ 150 or ticket money to Rachael. In order to avoid refund, the company should have included the exclusion clause in the advertisements so as to inform the customers about the presence of the same thereby gaining their consent. One of the most significant provisions of the Australian Consumer Law with respect to protecting the interest of the consumers against deceptive and misleading conduct is s. 18. In accordance with this section, any person involved in any trade or commerce must not indulge in a conduct which is deceptive or misleading. It is essential that any conduct which potentially can mislead is also prohibited under this section (Davenport and Parker, 2014). The contours of application of section 18 are quite broad and tend to include the misleading advertisements which are given in order to attract more business or to gain competitive edge but at the expense of the interest of the consumer (Latimer, 2005). This is apparent from the landmark case Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd[2013] HCA 54. In this case, it was clearly highlighted that there is accountability of the advertisements that are given either in newspaper, internet or any other media. Further, it was also highlighted that the attached terms to an offer must also be clearly highlighted and only focusing on the headlines can potentially misguide the customer (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). In the given case, the advertisement put by the company in the newspaper and internet fails to highlight the exclusion clause and also the refund policy. However, it is unlikely that even if the customers along with Rachael knew the same, there decision to purchase the ticket would alter in any significant manner. Also, on the defence of the company, it is apparent that they are committed on getting the band Metalurgica but their absence is on account of a reason which is unforeseen by the company as well as the customers. Thus, it does not seem that the absence of exclusion clause was with an intention to mislead potential buyers of ticket or could have significantly impacted their decision. Therefore, it does not seem that the company can be accused of violation of s.15 of Australian Consumer Law (ACL). In accordance with s. 64 of ACL, irrespective of the direct and indirect terms of contract, the guarantee of the seller in regards to certain rights cannot be exempted or limited. Further, in case of display notices which also extend to advertisements, it is expected that only the provisions outlined in the advertisement with regards to liability may be applicable (Lindgren, 2011). Clearly, in the given case, the company has failed to mention that the tickets would not be refundable and also there is no liability in case of band Metalurgica not turning up. These clauses essentially are aimed at limiting the guarantee of service and right to refund which are present in the given sales. Hence, these provisions cannot be considered enforceable and as a result, there is violation of this section by the company due to which fine may be imposed on the company besides liability to refund the money taken from Rachael. References Carter, J. (2012) Contract Act in Australia. 3rd edn. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Davenport, S. and Parker, D. (2014) Business and Law in Australia. 2nd edn.. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law. 8th edn. Sydney: Pearson Publications. Harvey, C. (2009) Foundations of Australian law. 3rd edn. London: Tilde University Press. Latimer, P. (2005) Australian business law. 24th edn. Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011) Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia. 12th edn. Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. Paterson, J. Robertson, A. and Duke, A. (2015) Principles of Contract Law. 5th edn. Sydney: Thomson Reuters

I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) by The City Harmonic free essay sample

The City Harmonic has recently taken the music world by storm with their EP, Introducing. Now theyre ready to do it again with their debut, full-length album, I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home). This album is uplifting, song after song. Its filled with emotional vocals and meaningful lyrics, from surrendering all to God (Yours) and a plea for lighting the modern Christian on fire (Spark). I Have a Dream feels like a prayer journal; a journal opened for Christians everywhere to learn from and embrace as their own. Prayers of worship (Mountaintop) and remembrance (Holy); prayers from a broken heart to a Sovereign God (Fell Apart) and letters from a zealous man to his fellow Christians (I Have a Dream). Every Christian, whether you have been such for years, or have just discovered the saving grace of Christ, you can relate to the heartfelt lyrics poured into this album. We will write a custom essay sample on I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) by The City Harmonic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cleverly crafted piano and guitar blend perfectly with lead singer Elias Dummers vocals for a truly spectacular listening experience. And it only calms as you near the end with Benediction, the perfect end to the album, wrapping up the overall theme of the album: Live like you mean it. And sing like youre living for God. I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) is available October 18th.

How to Query Editors with Magazine Article Ideas

How to Query Editors with Magazine Article Ideas Any trip to the local Books-a-Million or Barnes and Noble will prove just how many magazines there are in circulation. Add to this the increasing number of free publications that are regional-based and youll see the number of opportunities there are available for freelance writers to get their name out there and start building a portfolio of published work. Many of these magazines work with a small, full-time staff of copyeditors and interns, while hiring writers on a freelance basis; and most are willing to pay anywhere from $75 to $150 for a feature-length article.If you have begun the process of querying magazine editors with article ideas, one of the best ways to do so is to query with an article that you have already written and that hasnt been published elsewhere. This article should be the epitome of the type of article that the magazines readership would be interested in reading and should reflect your best work as a journalist or commentator in order to get your foot in the door of working on a consistent basis with that particular magazine.So whats the perfect article for a first-time query?A first-time query to a magazine for which you would like to write should reflect the style and topic that the readers of that magazine have come to expect. Of course, the only way to know this is to pick up a copy of that particular magazine over the span of a few months and see what type of feature articles are typically run by the editor. This is the best way to know what type of writing attracts the attention of the editor and what the readers of that particular publication expect.Lets say, for example, that you are interested in travel writing and are querying a regional travel magazine that focuses on travel in the Deep South portion of the United States. You look through the magazine for several months and find that the feature articles are generally about specific places in the South that are prime tourist destinations, such as Charleston, West Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia. Knowing that the magazine doesnt want to repeat features it has already published, and using the information you have gleaned from reading the articles from the past several months, you decide to write an article about historical music destinations within the Deep South, particularly Memphis, Tennessee (The home of the Blues and Rock-n-Roll) and Nashville, Tennessee (The home of Country Music).Once you decide on this topic, its best to look back through the past year of issues to see if the magazine has featured another article based on the same idea. Its usually easy to do this- especially if the magazine has online issues or archives. If you find that the topic is indeed one that hasnt been written about lately in that particular publication, but still a topic that would be of obvious interest to the magazines readership, then consider it a green light to start researching and writing about that particular topic.But will I be working for free?This is a question that plagues many freelancers, especially when they are first getting started. If you spend all that time researching a magazines readership and past publications, in addition to the time spent researching and writing about the topic- what if the editor still turns it down?This is a very real concern and a situation that you should expect to happen more than once or twice. However, there are two ways to look at this to avoid seeing it as a problem, per se. First, you should realize that this effort on the front end is a way of showing your ability to this particular editor and will not be the typical way of conducting business with him or her in the future if your article is published. Most editors will continue to send assignments to freelance writers with whom they have worked with in the past, after the proverbial ice is broken with that first publishing effort.Second, keep in mind that even if this particular magazine or editor chooses not to publish your article after it is fin ished, there are plenty of other magazines out there that connect with readers looking for information about your topic. You now have a fully written and polished piece that is available to any editor who likes it, so all you have to do is locate other publications that might be competitors with the one you initially contacted and query those editors with the same article. Eventually, if your article is well-written, an editor will pick it up- and thats one more magazine for which youve managed to get your foot in the door as an established freelance writer.An editor likes my work- now what?Once you come across an editor that likes your style of writing and topic choice, when the article runs and everything is said and done, send a quick email to let him or her know how much you appreciate the opportunity. Within this email, be sure to state that you are available for any freelance writing assignments that he or she might have in the future and that you would appreciate it if the ma gazine would keep you in mind for future work. The likelihood is high that the editor will contact you again in the near future to give you an assignment, particularly if the magazine uses freelancers often.

Austerity Measures of European Governments Essay - 1

Austerity Measures of European Governments - Essay Example As a result, it caused several problems which it was intended to resolve. With political motivations, governments of the Euro zone have developed austerity measures to demonstrate their discipline to their creditors and credit rating agencies. The governments essentially targeted government spending to reduce their budget deficits because they were directly affected by the sovereign debt crisis which made their budget deficits relative to GDP to soar significantly (Traynor and Katie Allen 2010). Therefore, the austerity measures were focused on the government, although it had significant effects on all sectors of the economy in the affected countries. Increase of taxes as part of the austerity measures is also intended for the citizens, businesses and companies of those countries. In this case, the people and businesses in the country were made to pay for the government deficit. This increased the problems of the Euro zone rather than reducing or solving them. In 2010-2011 when the a usterity measures were used, all European countries except Germany experienced an increased in public debt to GDP ratio. For instance, the public debt of Greece increased from 143% in 2010 to 165% in 2011 (Eurostat 2013). This indicates that as the budget deficits declined, the GDP growth was not sufficient to support the rising ratio of debt-to- GDP. The reason why austerity measures failed in the Euro zone is because the problems of sovereign debt crisis after the 2008 financial crisis were not caused by policy choices. Following the 2008 crisis, private sector retrenchment occurred and capital account surpluses increased. However, the austerity measures did not target these sectors. Instead, it aimed at the government; hence becoming counterproductive (Blyth 2013).

Impact of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Advertising - Essay Example Materialistic appeal in advertising perpetuates desire to buy and consume and that is how an economy of any nation gets the necessary boost. When economy moves forward, numerous employment opportunities are created for everyone. More opportunities mean more income and that in turn, lifts living standard of society at large. After all, this has been the objective of humans since time immemorial. While materialism leads to more demand, advertising helps people in this endeavor to find newer things and consume. On consumers part, there is the continuous search to find improved products and services as made available by producers and suppliers. In this way, the interaction between consumers and marketers is a permanent affair and advertising is a strong tool to fulfilling consumers’ aspirations. Advertising has played a key role in globalization and globalization has helped conserve precious resources to produce quality goods and make them available across the globe at the lowest possible costs. Examples are Toyota, Hyundai, Honda and Mitsubishi cars they are considered not only most fuel efficient but also compact and cozy by consumers. Toyotas previous ad ‘Moving Forward’ has now changed to ‘Lets Go Places’ intimate with more exciting products. The tagline is ‘inspirational, inclusive and very versatile’ (AdvertisingAge, 2012). The past tagline between 1975 and 1979, ‘You asked for it. You got it’ made people run after Toyota cars and they became best sellers in the short period. It can be easily realized that these ads make a tremendous impact on people and prompt them to go for the best. Advertising has a tremendous capacity to change the society. While wealth creation is a necessity for the well-being of people in the society, letting people know about new creations is equally important. And it happens through advertising because it helps companies spread messages to a large section of society, whether through print or electronic media, almost instantaneously.

Plan for Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles Entering Hong Kong Markets Essay Example for Free

Plan for Hydrogen-Powered Vehicles Entering Hong Kong Markets Essay Introduction Nowadays, the problem of global warming and greenhouse effect has raised concern all over the world. During energy generation, Fossil fuel releases large amount of chemical substances that exacerbates the problem. However, nowadays, there is still a great dependence on fossil fuel for generating energy in Hong Kong. To overcome the problem, hydrogen fuel is an opportunity for our society to minimize the environmental effects, enhance energy security, and the sustainability of global energy resources. In addition, many countries have been promoting the environmental protection at present. Therefore Hong Kong is not the exception. Our company – Ford has decided to introduce the hydrogen powered vehicle to Hong Kong by exporting from a car factory in United State and promote it to local citizens. In the following, various analyses including PESTLE analysis, marketing strategies, market entry modes, international operation management, and hiring and employee management will be illustrated. The Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal and Environmental dimensions Political The Hong Kong Government has introduced some policies in promoting low air pollutants emitted transport. Firstly, tax Incentives for environmental friendly vehicles is provided. A 45% reduction in the first registration tax, subject to a cap of HK$75,000 per car, will be offered to buyers of newly registered environment-friendly cars. In addition, the government also encourages trial of green and low-carbon transport technologies. The Government has set up a $300 million Pilot Green Transport Fund for application by the public transport trade and goods vehicle owners. For vehicles, the subsidy level is the price premium between the alternative-fueled vehicle and the conventional vehicle or 50% of the cost of the alternative-fueled vehicle and 50% of the setting up cost of the related support facilities. The policies give lots of incentives to the users to transfer their car to the hydrogen powered one. Economic Hong Kong is a developed and affluent country. According to the statistic of Census and Statistics Department, in the second quarter of 2012, the Hong Kong Gross Domestic Product for is $473,171 million. And the private consumption expenditure increases by 3. 1% in the real term. The per capita GDP is $273,657 million in 2011. Moreover, there is about 55% of population belong to the middle class (people who receive income above median). The family monthly income is also rated 17 thousands to 30 thousand. It reflects that the hydrogen powered vehicle is affordable to the upper and middle class. Hong Kong is a high potential market for our product. Socio-cultural Hong Kong people are highly educated with a strong perception of environmental protection. With the rising environmental promotion from the government, the awareness of green concept is becoming popular gradually. Firstly, citizens promote going green in order to alleviate the air pollution problem. Secondly, a higher living standard can be achieved with improved air quality. Thirdly, our product promotes the use of renewable energy. Thus it helps solving the problem of energy shortage. Our product will attract local citizens with high environmental awareness. Technological The infrastructures and facilities in Hong Kong are well developed such as Tseng Ma Bridge, and Kwai Tseung Container Terminal is the third busiest port in the world since 2007. The fast and efficient shipping and delivery of the vehicles are supported. Moreover, businesses can obtain technical consultation and professional backup from science parks and the prestigious universities in Hong Kong. For instance, Hong Kong Science Park, Cyber Port, and the University of Hong Kong are well-known. Legal It is lawful to employ the hydrogen car in Hong Kong. Although people sometimes argue that hydrogen cars exist dangerous, we still believe that it will not happen nearly if we can control the quantity of hydrogen we use in cars. We will also set the knock sensor systems in the car to reduce the probability of knock occurrence and the impacts. Europe has just legitimate hydrogen cars and there are not any local laws said that is illegal in Hong Kong. Besides, as the fuel of the hydrogen powered vehicle is not fossil fuel anymore but replaced by hydrogen. Selling and buying large amount of hydrogen is legal in Hong Kong allowing the users to refuel. Environmental Distribution of Hourly API for General Stations for the period October 2012 | | Legend| | API| Percentage| | Severe (201-500)| 0. 00 | | Very High (101-200)| 0. 08 | | High (51-100)| 65. 23 | | Medium (26-50)| 34. 59 | | Low (0-25)| 0. 10 | | | According to the above table, the API for general stations is mainly at medium to high level but more at the high level (65.23%). Serious air pollution is a considerable problem in Hong Kong. Heavy traffic has contributed to the deterioration of the problem. The problem has been negatively affected not only physical health of local citizens, but also the tourism. According to the research from Civic Exchange, there are 90% interviewees, who are Hong Kong citizens, are caring about the issue of air pollution. Besides, the percentage of air quality dissatisfaction raised dramatically compared to 2001. The hydrogen powered car, which will help relieve the problem, will gain support from local citizens. This is an opportunity for our company to introduce hydrogen powered car to Hong Kong. The Market Entry Mode The market entry modes in Hong Kong are Foreign Direct Investment and exporting. Ford will set up a subsidiary to manage the businesses and also establish a specialty shop to promote and sell the hydrogen powered car. The hydrogen powered vehicle will be exported from the plant in China to the store in Hong Kong. Our firm undertakes FDI because of the combination of location advantage, ownership advantage, and internalization advantage. Location advantage Hong Kong has a comprehensive transportation network such as port and flexile highway which is beneficial for exporting the vehicles to Hong Kong. The advanced telecommunication also drives down the cost in communicating with the factory and the consumer. On the other hand, Hong Kong has a number of tax incentives under special arrangements on the Mainland. The key areas, including shipping, aviation, land transport and personal tax, can be exempted from double taxation and enhance the profitability of our firm. Ownership Advantage Ford has a strong brand name with the perception of good reputation and excellent performance of the vehicles in the consumer’s mind. It is useful and easily for promoting the vehicles in Hong Kong in order to gain more sales volume and increase the market share. In addition, our firm also possesses the hydrogen power technology outperforming with its competitors. It is a necessary part for the manufacturing and assists fighting in the keen and saturated competition of fossil fuel-powered automobiles. Internalization Advantage. As hydrogen-powered car is a new market in Hong Kong, Ford can gain a high market share by firstly introducing the car into the new market. Besides, the firms emphasizes on high standard of customer service, there will be better controlling by serving customers by ourselves rather than hiring an independent local company to offer it. For example, there is more clearly explanation and illustration to the queried customers by our experienced staffs. Marketing Strategy of hydrogen powered vehicle Product The factors Hong Kongs business environments have to be considered for the product strategy. For the national image, the brand name of Ford brings good reputation and excellent quality to the consumer’s mind. Consumer has confidence in purchasing our company manufactured vehicles that helps us to enter the market. In addition, hydrogen power is a complicated technology that is difficult to copy that prevents the creation of counterfeit goods. Place Our established specialty shop is responsible for consulting service and selling the hydrogen powered vehicle to the customers. Our distribution network is relatively short (manufacturer, specialty store, customers) to maintain a greater control over the planning and implementation. There is only an exclusive channel – owned specialty in the distribution channel in result of shorter channel length. It saves the cost of owning one store instead of having lots of intermediaries in the distribution channel. Price The pricing strategy our firm used is dual pricing that different selling price abroad than at home. As our firm adopts the differentiation strategy, we set the price based on the Hong Kong buyer’s value as well as the living standard. This method overcomes the problem of exchange rate and fits the local purchasing power which also increases our profitability for selling the vehicles. Promotion As our market and product are both new so that production invention of marketing communication strategy is used. Our firm is going to advertise on the famous car magazines and car forum to promote the new product launch. This can raise the car users’ awareness of this new product. Besides, our firm is going to use Public Relation tools for promotion. Celebrities will be invited to experience the hydrogen-powered vehicle before the product launch. Then the feedbacks or recommendations from the celebrities will create a world-of-mouth effect, as well as buzz in the entire society. Managing International Operations Production Strategy The production strategy of Ford hydrogen powered car is focus differentiation which aims to provide the hydrogen-powered car to the market of environmental friendly private car users. Facilities location Planning Besides, Ford adopts the location economies of the facilities location planning. The company produces the car in its largest production location in the United State. The production location offers sufficient technologies and experienced technical staffs and engineers required to produce the hydrogen-powered vehicle. Although the labor costs in developed countries must be relatively higher compared to some developing countries such as China, there are better quality control and productivity through utilizing the experienced labors and the local advanced machines in Germany. Moreover, the distance factory – United State to the market – Hong Kong is also relatively longer, but the transportation facilities and infrastructures are mature in both countries. For example, the seaports are available for the transportation. The company can deliver the car by water carriers in order to enjoy lower shipping cost to cover the high unit cost. JIT Manufacturing In order to further reduce its high manufacturing cost, Ford adopts the Just-In-Time manufacturing system decreasing its inventory costs. The inputs including the raw materials, component parts, and sub-assemblies can be minimized because those input are delivered as the factory receives the orders from the dealer in Hong Kong for the production process. The reduced cost not only gives the company higher profit margin, but also offers the product with a more acceptable and affordable price for the consumer in Hong Kong. Furthermore, as the hydrogen-powered car is not very common and popular in most cities, the demand is relative small and uncertain. JIT system can assist the company to avoid holding too much inventories and creating wastes which are costly. Hiring and Managing Employees Staffing Policy For recruiting the top managers in Hong Kong subsidiary, Ethnocentric Staffing is used that the top managers are from home country – United State as they understand the hydrogen-powered car project more clearly and own sufficient information and knowledge to handle the whole operation in Hong Kong more efficiently and effectively. It will also result in better planning in both short term and long run that gives a much more clear direction to the subsidiary. For employing the middle managers and non-managerial workers, geocentric staffing will be used to select the best-qualified individuals, regardless of nationality. Compensation of Managers Ford gives some compensation to the expatriate managers including cost-of-living effects and bonus and tax incentives as well. The company should not only make up the local goods and services differential, but also have to give the bonus and tax incentive to convince the top managers staying abroad longer. Moreover, the firms also should provide language training and sensitivity training to the oversea managers to better the ability of bridging cultural differences and living in foreign country. Labor-Management Relations Maintaining a strong relationship between managers and workers is extremely essential because it is affecting the productivity as well as cost. Workers should be constantly motivated to enhance their productivity by offering more deserved outcomes such as pay, benefits, and vacation time. Besides, badly treated employees may leave the organization if they have other employment options which cost an expensive hiring and training cost especially the experienced technical staffs. Therefore, Ford can collect the opinions and feedbacks from the employees as well as solve their problems through the labor union in order to boost the relationship. For example, the labor representatives can participate in high-level company meeting by actually voting on proposed actions. Conclusion To sum up, our company is confident of entering the Hong Kong market with the hydrogen powered vehicle through the above supportive analyses. The constructive marketing strategy will help firm to promote the vehicle more effectively. Furthermore, the effective and efficient international operation management and the human resource management will bring the success to become the market leader not only in Hong Kong. In the future, the hydrogen powered vehicles will be promoted in different parts of the world in order to maximize the profitability. References 1. Statistics of Middle Class population http://www. gov. hk/sc/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/population. pdf 2. Statistics of income median and GDP http://www. hkcna.hk/content/2011/1031/118642_2. shtml http://www. censtatd. gov. hk/hkstat/sub/so50_tc. jsp 3. Hong Kong environmental policies http://www. epd. gov. hk/epd/tc_chi/about_epd/env_policy_mgt/env_policy. html 4. An overview of air quality in Hong Kong http://www. epd. gov. hk/epd/tc_chi/environmentinhk/air/air_maincontent. html http://www. epd. gov. hk/epd/tc_chi/environmentinhk/air/studyrpts/air_studyrpts. html 5. The public has the awareness and knowledge of environmental protection http://net2. hkbu. edu. hk/~enews/view_article. php? id=13430 http://www. info. gov. hk/gia/general/199902/23/0223epdc. htm.

Hunchback of Notre Dame :: essays research papers

THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME In Paris, under the reign of Louis XI, the annual Festival of Fools is underway. From atop the mighty Notre Dame cathedral, Quasimodo, a deformed hunchback who rings the bells, looks down on the crowd in contempt. Also in the crowd is Dom Claude, the kindly priest of Notre Dame, and his evil brother, Jehan. Clopin, a gypsy who has been crowned "King of the Beggars," calls for his adopted daughter Esmeralda to dance for the group. As Esmeralda passes by the window of Gudule, the old woman curses her, for years before her daughter had been stolen by gypsies. Esmeralda dances for the crowd, while high above in the palace of Louis XI, Phoebus, a young captain of the guard, admires the pretty girl, though he is betrothed to Fleur de Lis, the niece of Madame de Gondelaurier. That night, Jehan has Quasimodo abduct Esmeralda for him, but Phoebus is on patrol and thwarts the attempt. Phoebus takes Esmeralda out for a late supper and attempts to ensnare her with his charms. She is we aring a necklace given to her by her mother when she was a baby which she says protects her from all evil. Phoebus has a change of heart and decides not to force his attentions on the girl, though she appears to be willing. The Court of Miracles is the hideout for all the beggars of Paris, so named because here the blind see, and the lame walk. Gringoire, a harmless poet, has stumbled into the Court and is about to be hanged by the mob, but Esmeralda intercedes and he is released. Hereafter, Gringoire becomes her faithful servant. Quasimodo is tried for his attack on Esmeralda and is ordered to be lashed for an hour in the public square. He is beaten brutally and at the end of the time, he cries for water. Esmeralda, pitying the poor beast brings him a drink and Quasimodo is forever in her debt. Quasimodo also does not forget how Jehan betrayed him, and he hates him thereafter. Madame Gondelaurier gives a ball and Phoebus brings Esmeralda, dressed in the finest of clothes, and introduces her as a Princess of Egypt. Clopin has learned that Phoebus has taken Esmeralda as his plaything, and he breaks into the ball demanding her return. To prevent bloodshed, Esmeralda leaves with Clopin, broken hearted. Esmeralda has Gringoire bring a note to Phoebus asking him to meet her one last time at

Ethical Dillemma Worksheet

1. What is the ethical issue or problem? Identify the issue succinctly.The ethical issue develops when the truth is altered in the second or â€Å"signed off† report. The officer altered the report to state that they had actually witnessed the husband drive and park the car, although they had not.2. What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. The fact that the first report had said the officers only felt the vehicle with a warm hood, and only witnessed the husband walk up to the home. Is the first report really had not been signed off it may have been because they would not have a case given that the officers did not witness the husband actually driving the vehicle. Given that, the husband would have won the case and socially and politically it would show weakness within the department, because the officers mad e an arrest without meeting certain criteria for arrest. The second report had stated different, that the officers witnessed the husband driving and park as they pulled up.3. Identify each claimant (key actor) who has an interest in the outcome of this ethical issue. From the perspective of the moral agent—the individual contemplating an ethical course of action—what obligation is owed to the claimant? Why? Claimant(key actor) Obligation (owed to the claimant) Perspective (What does the claimant hope will happen?) The officers Fidelity, justice The officers hope they will win the case of DWI, although they did not witness the husband driving. The husband Fidelity, beneficence Hopes to stay out of jail and win the case against him since he was not witnessed driving while intoxicated. The wife Fidelity, beneficence Hopes to keep her husband out of jail. society justice Hopes that criminal justice personnel and system will be able to keep offenders off the streets as to n ot cause harm to innocent citizens. prosecutor Justice, non-injury Hopes to gain the truth of the matter as to not cause flaws in the justice system, and achieve absolute justice for all parties involved.Evaluating Alternatives4. What are two alternatives for the scenario? One alternative can be a wild card that you ordinarily may not consider an option because of potential implications. Both should be within free will and control of the same moral agent. Alternative AAlternative B Keep report number one and not file charges against the husband. Follow through with report number two, and file charges against the husband. 5. Respond to the following questions based on your developed alternatives.Alternative A Alternative BWhat are the best- and worst-case scenarios if you choose this alternative? Best-the husband will take this opportunity as a draw of luck and rehabilitate. The department and officers will not look bad for making an arrest without proper protocal. Worst- the husband continues to drive while intoxicated and harms another person, the first arrest may come to light and the prosecutor may be reprimanded for not perusing charges the first time Best-the husband will be taken off the streets and not allowed the opportunity to drive while intoxicated potentially causing harm to himself  and others. Worst- the truth will come to light and prosecutors and police officers are reprimanded for not telling the truth to begin with. Will anyone be harmed if this alternative is chosen? If so, how will they be harmed? Consider families and derivative effects.Yes, citizens can be harmed if accidents occur should the husband continue to drive while intoxicated. The wife may continue to be battered by the intoxicated husband. The family may be harmed if the husband is arrested and he is the only source of income. The department may be harmed should the truth be known. Would honor an idea or value— such as personal, professional, or religious—make t he alternative invalid? Professionally it may allow for an intoxicated driver to be on the streets, causing public harm.Professionally, religiously, and personally, it would be wrong to move forward with a falsified report.Applying Ethical Guidelines6. Consider each ethical guideline and explain whether it would support or reject your alternative. Guidelines based on the action itself Alternative A Alternative B Should this alternative become a rule or policy that everyone in this situation should follow in similar situations in the future? (Kant) Yes No Does this alternative result in using any person as a means to an end without consideration for his or her basic integrity? (Kant) Yes Yes Is the intent of this action free from vested interest or ulterior motive? (Kant’s good will) Yes No Does this alternative demonstrate a genuine concern for others affected by the decision, and is the moral agency responding to a perceived need? Yes No Guidelines based on consequences Alte rnative A Alternative B Is the good that results from this alternative outweighed by the potential harm that might be done to others? (Mill’s harm principle) No No Is any harm brought about by anyone other than the moral agent? (causal harm) YesYes Will anyone be harmed who can be said to be defenseless? (paternalism) Yes Yes To what degree is this alternative based on the moral agent’s own best interest? (ethical egoism)Which alternative will generate the greatest benefit—or the least amount of harm—for the greatest number of people? Select only one alternative. (utilitarianism) Alternative number one generates the greatest benefit or least harm.Ethical Decision Making7. Choose to proceed with either Alternative A or Alternative B and explain the reasons for your decision. Alternative A allows the husband to make better choices, as well as keeps the police officers and the prosecutor from lying. The truth will be known and it will not make the police dep artment look irresponsible for not taking proper steps to arrest with sufficient evidence.

Internship Report on Idbi Federal Life Insurance - 2268 Words

Company Profile A new era in life Insurance About IDBI Federal Life Insurance IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co Ltd is a joint-venture of IDBI Bank, India’s premier development and commercial bank, Federal Bank, one of India’s leading private sector banks and Ageas, a multinational insurance giant based out of Europe. In this venture, IDBI Bank owns 48% equity while Federal Bank and Ageas own 26% equity each. . Having started in March 2008, in just five months of inception, IDBI Federal became one of the fastest growing new insurance companies to garner Rs 100 Cr in premiums. Through a continuous process of innovation in product and service delivery IDBI Federal aims to deliver world-class wealth management, protection and retirement†¦show more content†¦Ageas operates successful partnerships in Belgium, UK, Luxembourg, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, China, Malaysia, India and Thailand and has subsidiaries in France, Hong Kong and UK. Ageas is the market leader in Belgium for individual life and employee benefits , as well as a leading non-life player through AG Insurance. In the UK, Ageas has a strong presence as the fourth largest player in private car insurance and the over 50’s market. Ageas employs more than 13,000 people and has annual inflows of more than EUR 21 billion. Please visit www.ageas.com to know more. Company Profile A new era in life Insurance About IDBI Federal Life Insurance IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co Ltd is a joint-venture of IDBI Bank, India’s premier development and commercial bank, Federal Bank, one of India’s leading private sector banks and Ageas, a multinational insurance giant based out of Europe. In this venture, IDBI Bank owns 48% equity while Federal Bank and Ageas own 26% equity each. . Having started in March 2008, in just five months of inception, IDBI Federal became one of the fastest growing new insurance companies to garner Rs 100 Cr in premiums. Through a continuous process of innovation in product and service delivery IDBI Federal aims to deliver world-class wealth management, protection and retirement solutions that provide value and convenience to the Indian customer. The company offers its services through a vast nationwide network of 2137 partnerShow MoreRelatedBusiness Administration : M S At Amity Business School Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagessolemnly declare that the report titled Customer Acquisition in Personal Selling† in IDBI Federal Life Insurance†is a bonafide record of work carried by me, submitted to partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of degree Master of Business Administration under the guidance of MR GIREESH UDDAIYAR, MANAGER, IDBI FEDERAL LIFE INSURANCE This research is solely the work of me based upon analysis, printed material given in bibliography. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted forRead MoreThe Investors Behavior Towards Mutual Fund Essay9694 Words   |  39 Pages A SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT ON â€Å"To study the Investors Behaviour towards Mutual Fund in surat city† Submitted to S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In Gujarat Technological University UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide: Company Guide: Mr. Paresh Dave Mr.Jignesh Madhvani (Asst. Professor) Internal Trainer (Torin Wealth Management.) Submitted by Mr. ATMIYA J. PATEL [BatchRead MoreRetail Banking of Axis Bank15349 Words   |  62 PagesRetail Banking Of Axis Bank (Summer Internship Report) From 3rd June to 24th July ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my deep gratitude to AXIS Bank division, Kanpur for giving me this opportunity to do summer internship. I acknowledge the give and take relationship wherein I could work diligently on the project assigned to me and contribute to the organization with my efforts and get essential credit to my profile before I enter the corporateRead MoreSummer Internship Report on Mutual Fund : Performance Evolution Marketing20554 Words   |  83 PagesSUMMER TRAINING REPORT On Mutual Fund: Performance evolution Marketing Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the two year Post Graduate Programme (PGP). Submitted by BIBHUTI JHA Roll No: PGS20090080 Batch: 2009-2011 IILM Institute for Higher Education Under The guidance of Mr. Sunil Sharma Branch Manager Aditya Birla Money Mart Ltd, Faridabad TABLE OF CONTENTS S. NO | PARTICULARSRead MoreStudy of Deposit Mobilization in State Bank of Inida10723 Words   |  43 PagesSummer Internship Report On STUDY OF DEPOSIT MOBILIZATION IN STATE BANK OF INDIA [pic] Submitted in the Partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Post Graduation diploma in Management By Lakshmi K.S Reg No. DSBSPGDMA09023 Under the guidance of Company Guide Faculty Guide Mr. Ramananda Prof. K.V. Ramanatham Branch Manager DSBS SBI

Integrating Histology And Mri On The First Digital Brain...

Integrating histology and MRI in the first digital brain of common squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus Peizhen Suna, Prasanna Parvathanenia, Kurt G. Schillingb,c, Yurui Gaob,c, Vaibhav Janve b,c, Adam Andersonb,c, Bennett A. Landman*,a,b,c,d aElectrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA, bBiomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA, cInstitute of Image Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA, dComputer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA. ABSTRACT This effort is a continuation of development of a digital brain atlas of the common squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, a New World monkey with functional and microstructural organization of central nervous system similar to that of†¦show more content†¦We describe mapping of histology and MRI based data of the common squirrel monkey and construction of a viewing tool that enable online viewing of these datasets. The previously descried atlas MRI is used for its deformation to provide accurate conformation to the MRI, thus adding information at the histological level to the MRI volume. This paper presents the mapping of single 2D image slice in block face as a proof of concept and this can be extended to map the atlas space in 3D coordinate system as part of the future work and can be loaded to an XNAT system for further use. Keywords: primate neuroanatomy, atlas, magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging 1. INTRODUCTION Atlases provide a central coordinate system in which to merge information from different imaging modalities, across time within a single subject, between subjects, and among studies. Digital atlases have come into common use from brain mapping with 3-D imaging techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Integration of histology images with typical multi-modal MRI atlases (e.g., for the squirrel monkey [1]) is greatly complicated by the fact that histological sections are, by their nature, extraordinarily isotopic. Any out-of-plane rotation/resampling would result substantive partial volume artifacts. During the sectioning process, it is commonly possible to acquire photographic images of the block face

Incentive as a Component of Salesman Compensation Structure

Incentives as a Component of Salesman Compensation Structure By Mohit Pandey 11DM-187 Sales Management-Section D What are Incentives? It is defined as a type of additional remuneration either in cash or kind given to an employee as a means of increasing output or as a motivational influence. Why do we need to give incentives? Firstly incentives work as psychological stimulant for a person to perform better. Incentives act like the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Secondly, the turnover rate of a salesperson is very high and also the cost of replacing a salesperson is also quite high, approximately around $40-50k. Thus to retain the best talent in the company we need to provide adequate incentives to the sales force.†¦show more content†¦A few key points that should be kept in mind while setting the parameters for deciding incentives are: * The current market situation (growth or recession). * The product type (B2C or B2B) * The sales order cycle (long or short) * The business strategy ( Increase market penetration or may increase sales of a high margin product or launch of a new product) How much incentive to offer and to whom? The percentage amount of incentive offered to the sales force should not be equal across the board. The high performers must be rewarded for their performance, while the low performers need to be encouraged to perform better. The better the performance the higher should be the incentive level. Also in case of team selling the incentive has to be distributed proportionately amongst the team. It should not be the case wherein the laggards piggyback on the star performers and get the same level of incentive. Additionally a proper framework has to be devised on a company-to-company basis to decide the distribution of incentive for a product sold amongst the team members so as to control costs and avoid giving multiple incentives for the same product to multiple persons involved in the sale. The incentives offered should be mix of both short and long term incentives i.e. commissions, bonus, non-cash rewards, etc. This is to ensure that the motivation level of the salesperson is up throughout the year and does not peak at certainShow MoreRelatedCompensating Sales Force6663 Words   |  27 PagesCOMPENSATING SALES FORCE Sales is one of the few jobs where you earn your money – every day. COMPENSATION IS MORE THAN MONEY Any type of sales organization can reward sales performance in three fundamental and interrelated ways: 1. Direct financial rewards. 2. 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Carrefours Failure free essay sample

Critique 1: Group work Initial Presentation Company chosen: CARREFOUR’s Failure in Japan The presentation begins with telling the viewers what her team will be discussing throughout the presentation in the order as per heading suggest (Carrefour- The world’s second largest food retailer with 10000plus stores worldwide and opens in Japan in 2000). This gives a sense of scale, time and highlights the sheer size of the company. This is done briefly but is essential as it then proceed straight into the situation, the company’s failure in Japan.This serves as an anchor for the rest of the topic (Weeks, 2005). The team has identified failure of the company to expand in Japan effectively. This is followed by the Entry Strategy which led to its failure in clear, simple keywords, visually colourful and diagrammatically communicated to the audience. Note that there was no long table or confusing data that maybe too confusing, given the short time frame (8min) and its presentation purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Carrefours Failure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rationale of the failure were sufficient as it has identified and communicated the reasoning quiet effectively (Failure to succeed in Japan due failure to understand Japanese market , inadequate research done on customer behaviour as they were following their generic Asian model, Japan is different). We were given an overview of the failed entry strategy and explanation of why it has failed. This however, can be stronger with the use of quotations from upper management such as the CEO, Joise Luis Duran said â€Å"Let’s be honest, Japan was a short and expensive adventure for us,† taken from extract of the BBC website (BBC News, 2005).The team gave a strong argument assisted by factual information in that Carrefour sold its eight hypermarkets and decided to join forces with Aeon with limited commercial activities. The use of lecture notes â€Å"Overview of Major Analytical Frameworks† serves as a guide that includes Porters Diamond and the SWOT analysis (IBUS 5001 Lecture Notes, 2011). There were merely a mention of these Models given the short time limit but we can expect it to be elaborated in depth for the final presentation of the project. For example when talked about one of Porter’s Diamond e. g. Domestic Demand Conditions the analysis of the discussion simply states that due to lack of understanding consumer’s behaviour but without going into details as to what they are exactly. Japanese consumers have a different shopping habit compares the other Asian countries, they like to shop on a day to day basis not collectively but in small amount each time which proves difficult for Carrefour’s entry (BBC News, 2005). However, the application of these models to the discussion adds credibility as it shows strength, structure and depth to the Intro which further makes the argument more convincing.The close of the Intro were without summing up the key points as a reminder to the audience of the subject discussed but rather rounded the Intro by the insertion of â€Å"any questions? † Overall, The first speaker had open the Intro, though very structured and well analysed evidenced by the degree of articulacy in their PowerPoint and context relevance of their speech is to the visual communication, the delivery was fast paced and without the well presented PowerPoint one could loose focus on the topic discussed.In comparison to other presentations, his one is more convincing than the rest as it shows higher level of research, analysis which reinforces the subject discussed. References BBC News (2005), Carrefour exits Japan Mexico, , viewed 10th April 2010 IBUS_5001, Strategy, Innovation Global Business: Week 5, pp 1-6 Weeks H (2005) The Best Memo You’ll Ever Write, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Spring 5, pp 3-5

Nestles Proposal for Finane Essay Example

Nestles Proposal for Finane Essay David Ho English 100w Nestle vs. PepsiCo Individual research proposal David Ho has selected Nestle as the company to compare to PepsiCo. Nestle is the largest food company in the world measured by revenue. Nestle products includes baby food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee, dairy products, candy, ice cream, pet foods, and snacks. Nestle’s most popular brands include food products from various categories such as Cerlac, Pure life water, Cookie Crisp cereal, Kit Kat, Crunch, Toll house, Power Bar, Dreyer’s Ice cream, Nesquik, Milo, Juicy Juice, Nestea, Lean Cuisine, and Jenny Craig. I will compare the following categories of Nestle to PepsiCo. * Marketing * Finance and Accounting * Human Resource and Management * Operations Marketing Like PepsiCo, Nestle is a global snack and beverage company, and it uses various global marketing strategies to sell its food (Kit Kat, Crunch, Toll house cookies, Power bar, Dereyer’s Ice cream) , and drink (Nesquik, Milo, Juicy Juice, Nestea) products. Here I will compare the amount of money Nestle and PepsiCo spends annually on advertising and how each company uses demographics to target and attract their consumer interest. Nestle and PepsiCo both have strong innovations to enhance lives, although Nestle has been doing it longer, they both are very successful in this innovation. Marketing strategy plays one of the most important roles in any business as it is the main factor in successfully advertising and selling of any products and services. Marketing catches the eyes of consumers into wanting to buy the company’s products. It is important to bring about this factor as one of the most important keys in a successful company. Finance and accounting We will write a custom essay sample on Nestles Proposal for Finane specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nestles Proposal for Finane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nestles Proposal for Finane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition to marketing a firm’s products, the finance area of business is crucial to starting and maintaining a company. To open or start a business, many sources of finance are needed, such as grants or loans, to buy essential equipment required for the success of the company such as buildings, vehicles, and other tools. I will tell in detail the financial needs of Nestle and PepsiCo. I plan to focus on how the company got started, including the founders, how long it took them to succeed, and how they got to where they are today. I also plan to describe Nestle and PepsiCo’s initial and subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including how they managed their IPO. I will also classify the firm’s acquisitions, their partnerships, and their investors. Finally, I will describe PepsiCo’s future financial plans in comparison with Nestle including profit projections and strategic expansion goals. Finance is the backbone of the company; it covers all of the critical money-related issues that keep the company strong and expanding. Human Resource and Management After identifying what Nestle and PepsiCo does and how they manage their finances, I will explain who the people responsible for the company’s success are. Here, I will compare the two companies’ mission statement, organization and governance structures, loyal employees, and each company’s positive company culture. These aspects heavily influence the overall success of any company in the world marketplace. Operations Finally, I will compare the structure of Pepsico’s and Nestle’s global operations and their expansions around the world. I will also compare how each operation has grown and changed over time, including the production of goods at each working plant. I will explain how products from each company distribute their products among their consumers and describe each company’s trademarks and patents. Finally, I will compare Nestle’s and PepsiCo’s operational goals and accomplishments. Operations are also one of the most important branches of a firm for they help with providing products to market and bringing in income.

“Apple Computer, Inc. Think Different, Think Online Music” free essay sample

1. 4 C’s Stakeholder Analysis †¢Customers Based on the background of â€Å"the era of the Digital lifestyle†, iTunes 3 target customers are; StakeholderStake in the projectPotential impact on ProjectGrowth percentage of online distributionPerceived attitudes and/or risks 12 – 24 yearsDownloaded an average of 12 tunes per month, housing libraries between 25 to more than 300,000 songs from the internetHigh59%†¢Unlimited library of songs and videos by genre, artist and album †¢Software design is attractive and easy to use Sound in industry standard Dolby Advanced Audio, allowing CD quality sound †¢Better data compression allowing users to store more files more quickly †¢There was no subscription fee but songs were not free †¢The teens and children felt exploited by the escalating prices of music 25 – 34 yearsDownloaded at least one music file from the internetHigh43% 35 – 54 yearsDownloaded at least one music file from the internetMedium24% Online music was growing to be the best phenomena in the United States. Statistics show that by July 2003, 65 million people in the USA had downloaded a song from the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Apple Computer, Inc.: Think Different, Think Online Music† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The growth rate by December 2002 was at 26% and by less than 5 months it had grown to more than 30%. Most consumers of this online music were children and teens. They felt exploited by the escalating prices of music from stores and sort to look for other free or cheaper means to own the music. (They do not have a dependable income). Today’s music industry targets the younger generation. They like to be ‘down with the latest releases (both audio and video)’, ‘the newest kid on the block’ and to be known to own it. ITunes interface as shown in exhibit 7; have the top albums, top songs, latest releases and favourites and a free 30 second full quality preview of any song. This will seize the tedious search on the internet, but have a one stop shop for all their preferences. Based on this, the target segment 12 – 24 years was the most valuable. †¢Company ITunes fit Apple’s brand and capabilities because Apple’s brand already speaks for itself. It is associated with high level innovative products with end user capabilities from the time it began. Apple has for years tried to have products that are exclusive to Mac Computers. Although the market segment does not allow them to do that 100%, they had to have alternative similar products for Windows PC users. Apple always developed products that would be used first by Mac users, to dwell in the amazing features and resources. They were loyal to their customers. ITunes was launched into the already existing market that Apple carried. Its vision was to be a major player in the digital integration. At the time of its launch, iTunes came with the best services and features to all its competitions. Apple continuous to maintain a high standard of its products. †¢Competitors Tunes CompetitorsWeaknessesOpportunities for iTunesStrengthsThreats for iTunes Peer to Peer Networks-Quality of downloads was poor -No guarantee of the file download was a full version -No guarantee of correct song or correct title -Trading of copyrighted files was technically illegal -RIAA strategy of legally attacking individuals made some reconsider using these services -The music for s ome networks were on rental basis-Provided CD quality sounds and better data compression -Guarantee of full version download and legal activities because the five largest music publishers licensed songs to iTunes. A ready market segment -The user owns the music -Networks were free, containing an unlimited library of songs and videos -Easy burning into CDs and MP3 players -Software design is easy to use and attractive -One can own songs in 5 minutes -Can create musical anthologies -Songs are stored directly on the Hard disk of all PC users, not limited to Mac users only. -Downloads costs about the same as a CD in the store, this can discourage the (12 – 24 years) target customers who do not have dedicated income and already think that the costs of a CD is expensive. -The song list is limited to about 200,000. This service is exclusive to Mac users, thus other PC users cannot access it. Buymusic. com-A range in cost for songs -Users had to go through end-use agreements before o wning a song -One cannot navigate their downloads -Songs were not compatible to the popular ipod player-One cost for all songs -Site is consumer friendly -Songs are searchable by title, artist, album and genre before downloading -The ipod player is an Apple brand. -300,000 song library -Costs as little as $0. 79 -Downloads available as individual songs or albums -Downloads are not limited directly to the desktop, but other media -Extensive peripheral memory devices store Different content and usage rules based on the number of computer transfers, CD burns and portable music transfers -Services offered to the larger PC users (Windows technology)-The song list is limited to about 200,000. -Costs $ 0. 99, Buymusic. com offers a lower rate. This can be more attractive to the (12 – 24 year olds) customer target. -Mass transfers of downloads are limited to ipods. -Apple users are at 4% computer market, failing to convert Windows PC users. BuyMusic. Com has a larger audience offerin g the same service. Music Stores-A song/ album costs more -Stores were located in specific areas The consumer does not have control of the playlist -Tedious to look different at prices from one store to another physically-A song is cheaper than an album -Consumers select their own playlist -Online stores like iTunes were a click away and available to all internet users -Easy to look at different prices online-The music industry supports them 100%; therefore there are no legal issues. -Available offers of lowered price to purchase music -A much larger selection of music-The Music industry could develop copyright issues at any given time, thus legal issues with RIAA -The song list is limited to about 200,000. Community The other external organization/ stakeholder that could affect whether iTunes succeeds are; -Government e. g. if it introduces by laws regulating the use of ecommerce or internet based stores. -Suppliers e. g. The 5 music distributors decide to discontinue the sale of their license, not to grant exclusive distribution, increase their price cost of the license. -Recording Industry Association of America with continuous threats of copyright issues. -Lobby groups; airing concerns on explicit music and video content that is exposed/ accessible to children and teenagers (12 – 24 years, market segment). The action of the following people can affect the perception of consumers at the media level and as a result, the Apple brand is compromised. 2. Positioning Map of iTunes 3. ITunes Marketing Mix †¢Product Brand†¢ITunes is a product from the Apple Brand. Apple is a major player in digital integration. Appearance†¢Attractive and user friendly interface as show in Exhibit 7. Quality†¢The quality of the songs is industry-standard Dolby Advanced Audio coding format producing CD quality sound. Packaging†¢Better data compression enabling users to store songs and allowing faster downloading speeds. Support Service†¢Songs downloaded are legal with complete ownership †¢A large library with capabilities of searching songs by artist, song title, album and or genre. †¢A provision of 30 seconds preview Functionality†¢Exclusive to Mac users only †¢Price FinancingNarrow profit margin due to royalties Per song Royalties $ 0. 70 Admin Costs $ 0. 12 Profits $ 0. 17 Total $ 0. 99 List priceA single price for each tune, regardless of the genre, artist, album or hit. AllowancesAvailability of bonus tracks Place Location†¢Internet based website functioning as the interface for the online store Channel of motivation†¢One click shopping service Market Coverage†¢Available internationally, serving various customers at one given time †¢Promotion Media†¢Abundance of positive press †¢Apples stylish brand tones was continuous with many of the artists images Ad vertising†¢Attractive television advertising blitz with organic tones †¢Ilife bundled software suite †¢As the Strategic Director of iTunes, to create a barrier against the competition, I would: a. Launch a windows version without any more delays . Add an additional feature i. e. customer loyalty schemes tying customers to buy at iTunes only c. Customer management software tracking and monitoring consumers purchases needs d. Buymusic. com was exclusive to Windows PC users that were the larger percentage of the computer market. I would propose to acquire buymusic. com and gain their larger market share. Integrate the announcement to consumers with the launch of the Windows version with Apple quality and branding. I would retain the Mac users and acquire new clients with the windows PC users. This will give iTunes the exclusiveness they have been trying to gain. e. I would increase the brand equity by carrying out activities that would enhance the brand image i. e. targeting the 12 – 24 year olds f. To invest in strategic alliances with the 5 largest music publishers – so as to achieve exclusivity. This would imply that their competitors would have to buy from them or it locks them out that consumers can only buy from iTunes. However, one has to consider the cost implications and the positioning of the market, as exclusive distributors. 4. From a Strategic perspective, Apple launched iTunes because †¢Computer products are technology based and have very short product life cycles. There are in an industry that always keeps changing. Because technology matures, it is prudent to come up with new ideas, resources and efficiency of processes. †¢Apple has always remained focused on product innovations. It has increasingly looked to developing and controlling its own software. Using Ansoff’s Product Development, Apple was able to offer its existing customers and use the current markets new products. Apple relegated to niche status and took the opportunity to tap into an already existing market. The use of computers and internet based services was in the increase rapidly. This was a good opportunity to expand their revenue source from additional products. Bibliography Jisc Infonet (2008) ‘Stakeholders analysis template’ Good practice and innovation www. jiscinfonet. ac. uk [accessed 5 June 2009] Da tabase Marketing Institute (2009) ‘Managing Customer Segments’ http://www. dbmarketing. com/articles/Art134. htm [accessed 5 June 2009] Wikipedia (Modified 2009) ‘Stakeholders Analysis’ The Free Encyclopedia http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Stakeholder_analysis [accessed 5 June 2009] Product positioning Maps (2009) http://www. tcdcconnect. com/content/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/create-val ue-from-positioning-map. pdf [accessed 6 June 2009] Harvard Business publishing (2007) ‘Mapping your Competitive Advantage’ Harvard Business Review http://hbr. harvardbusiness. org/2007/11/mapping-your-competitive-position/ar/1 [accessed 6 June 2009] 12 Manage (2009) ‘Stakeholder Mapping’ The Executive Fast Track http://www. 12manage. com/methods_stakeholder_mapping. html [accessed 5 June 2009] 2 Manage (2009) ‘Marketing Mix’ The Executive Fast Track http://www. 12manage. com/methods_marketing_mix. html [accessed 6 June 2009] Wikipe dia (modified 2009) ‘Marketing Mix’ The Free Encyclopedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_mix [accessed 6 June 2009] 12 Manage (2009) ‘Product Market Grid’ The Executive Fast Track http://www. 12manage. com/methods_productmarketgrid. html [accessed 6 June 2009] Wikipedia (modified 2009) ‘Technology lifecycle’ The Free Encyclopedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Technology_lifecycle [accessed 6 June 2009]

Human Disease and Their Control Essays (1103 words) - Immunology

Human Disease and Their Control Essays (1103 words) - Immunology Human Disease and Their Control follow up questions 1a) When people refer to pathogens, they are talking about bacteria that cause disease. 1b)The toxins actually excreted by the pathogens are the main cause of diseases although thetoxins are only by-products of the pathogen's metabolism. 2a)In most cases, the toxins excreted by the pathogens find there way into the circulatory system. Thus, sometimes, the infection is caused somewhere else from where the toxins were excreted. An example of this would be Rheumatic fever. The toxins that ca Yet another example of where the disease is in a different location then where the toxin was released is Dipheria. The pathogen that causes Diptheria is usually located in the throat. As the toxin is released, it travels all the way to affect limb muscle 2b) Examples of where the disease is at the site of the bacteria could be Tetanus and Tuberculosis. The tetanus bacteria releases a deadly toxin which can affect the whole body which causes paralyzation. As it affects the whole body, the disease would mos 3a) In our environment, we encounter all sorts of micros of air-borne pathogens that cause diseases are the ones that cause whooping cough, scarlet feve 3b) An example for this kind of transmission would be the kind of pathogens found in feces. Typhoid fever is one of the kinds of diseases that are transmitted through water as these pathogens are found in feces. The feces released would sooner or later fi 4a) Besides transmitting disease through everyday drinking water and the air, another way of transmitting diseases are by contact. Chicken Pox and Small Pox are some of the many diseases that can be caused by contact. 4b) Veneral diseases like gonorrhea and syphilis can also be transmitted by contact. 5a) An example of a disease that can be transmitted if there is a wound would be our very familiar Tetanus. An example of how someone would acwuire tetanus from a wound would be like this: The construction worker moves around a lot and works very hard. Down on the floor is a tetanus infected nail. As the worker is too busy caring for his job, he accidently steps on the nail and gives the tetanus bacteria a chance to get into the body. The 6a) Immune carriers can be classified as those who have recovered from a certain disease and is immune to it, but still carries the pathogens. The immune carriers show no indecation of a disease with no symptoms, but this carrier can still trnasmit these 6b) One major disease carrier is the Anthropod. They pick up the pathogens in their food, where they walk and other places. As they carry the disease, they move to other places either for food or shelter purposes. When they bite or sting other organisms, 7) The skin is the main protector from pathogens. The first line of defense is the structure of the skin itself. It is almost impossible for pathogens to pass the skin layer. Those who do would go through the pores in our skin. The second line of defense 8a) Some cells that engulf pathogens are known as phagocytes. This is so because the phagocytes engulf the pathogens through a special process known as phagocytosis. An example of a phagocyte would be blood cells known as leucocytes. The whole job of thes 8b) What many people refer to as Pus is actually the left overs of dead leucocytes and pathogens. 8c) Serious infections cause the swelling of the nymph nodes as there are too many dead leucocytes and pathogens to store for excretion from the body. 9a) Antigens are foriegn proteins to the human body. In turn, these foreign proteins cause a reaction. Usually, the main cause of these foreign proteins would be toxins from pathogens or micro-organisms. 9b) When an antigen enters the body, a certain reaction occurs. When it has been found out that an antigen really is present, it causes the spleen and the lymph nodes to produce a substance known as antibody. This antibody is a specifically desgined aubst 9c) An antitoxin is a kind of antibody. This kind of antobody is specifically used to go after toxins release by these